🔀 Conditional Sentences MCQ — উত্তর ও ব্যাখ্যাসহ

উত্তর: C. had he not had a flat tire

এটি past unreal condition। “Would have attended” অতীতের অসম্ভব ফল বোঝায়। “If he had not had”–এর সংক্ষিপ্ত inversion হলো “Had he not had”।

উত্তর: D. If Mike had been able to finish his homework

“Would have come” থাকায় অতীতের unreal condition বোঝায়। If-clause-এ past perfect: “had been able” বসবে।

উত্তর: B. had been admitted

এটি third conditional। অতীতের অসম্পন্ন শর্তে if-clause-এ “had + V3” লাগে। Passive form: “had been admitted”।

উত্তর: D. Had he studied more

“Had he studied more” হলো “If he had studied more”-এর conditional inversion। “Would have been able” অতীতের unreal result বোঝায়।

উত্তর: C. were

বর্তমানের কাল্পনিক পরিস্থিতিতে formal English-এ “If I/he/she/it were” ব্যবহার করা হয়। তাই উত্তর “were”।

উত্তর: C. If he had painted

“Would have signed” অতীতের unreal result। তাই if-clause-এ past perfect “had painted” হবে।

উত্তর: A. is

এটি বাস্তব বর্তমান শর্ত—এখন সত্যিই দশটা বাজলে হাতে যথেষ্ট সময় থাকবে। বাস্তব শর্তে if-clause-এ present simple: is।

উত্তর: B. hears

Zero conditional-এ অভ্যাসগত ফল বোঝাতে if-clause-এ present simple “hears” বসে.

উত্তর: A. see

বাস্তব ভবিষ্যৎ শর্তে if-clause-এ present simple “see” ব্যবহৃত হয়.

উত্তর: C. gets

First conditional-এর if-clause-এ present simple: “gets”.

উত্তর: A. turn

If-clause-এ future meaning থাকলেও সাধারণত present simple “turn” ব্যবহৃত হয়.

উত্তর: C. were

As though দিয়ে অবাস্তব তুলনা বোঝালে past subjunctive “were” ব্যবহার করা হয়.

উত্তর: D. would have called

Third conditional: if + past perfect, would have + past participle.

Third conditional: if + had + V3 (had left), main clause-এ would have + V3: would have called।

উত্তর: C. would have talked

অতীতের unreal condition-এর ফলাফল: “would have talked”.

উত্তর: B. explained

Second conditional-এ would + verb-এর সঙ্গে if-clause-এ past simple “explained” ব্যবহৃত হয়.

উত্তর: C. melts

This is a zero conditional describing a general scientific fact, so both clauses take the simple present.

এটি zero conditional — সাধারণ বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য বোঝায়, তাই দুই clause-এই simple present (melts) বসে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: A. boils

A universal truth uses the zero conditional: simple present in both the if-clause and the main clause.

চিরসত্য ঘটনা বোঝাতে zero conditional হয়; if-clause-এ is থাকায় main clause-এও simple present boils বসবে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: D. will be cancelled

A real future possibility takes the first conditional: if + simple present, will + verb (here passive: will be cancelled).

ভবিষ্যতের সম্ভাব্য ঘটনা বোঝালে first conditional হয়: if + present, main clause-এ will + V1। Match বাতিল করা হবে, তাই passive will be cancelled।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: B. unless

Unless means 'if not': you will miss the bus if you do not leave now. The other connectors make the sentence illogical.

Unless মানে 'যদি না'। এখনই না বের হলে বাস মিস করবে — এই অর্থ শুধু unless দিয়েই হয়।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: D. were

This is an imaginary present situation (second conditional), so the if-clause takes the subjunctive 'were' with 'would' in the main clause.

আমি পাখি নই — এটি কাল্পনিক বর্তমান অবস্থা। Second conditional-এ if-clause-এ were আর main clause-এ would + V1 বসে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: A. would learn

With a past simple if-clause about the present (second conditional), the main clause takes would + base verb.

If-clause-এ past simple (had) দিয়ে বর্তমানের কাল্পনিক অবস্থা বোঝানো হয়েছে, তাই main clause-এ would + V1 (would learn) বসবে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: C. would have caught

A past perfect if-clause marks the third conditional, so the result clause needs would have + past participle.

If-clause-এ past perfect (had left) থাকলে third conditional হয়; main clause-এ would have + V3 (would have caught) বসে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: B. would be living

This is a mixed conditional: a past condition (had accepted) with a present result (now), so the main clause uses would + verb, not would have.

এটি mixed conditional — অতীতের শর্ত (had accepted) কিন্তু ফল বর্তমানে (now)। তাই would have নয়, would be living বসবে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: D. would not have caused

A present general quality (were more careful) leads to a past result (last week), so the main clause takes would have + past participle.

বর্তমানের স্বভাব (were careful) থেকে অতীতের ফল (last week) — এটি mixed conditional। তাই main clause-এ would not have caused বসবে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: B. Had they heard

'Had they heard' is the inverted form of 'If they had heard', which matches 'would have left' in a third conditional.

'Had they heard' হলো 'If they had heard'-এর inversion। Main clause-এ would have left থাকায় third conditional-এর এই রূপটিই সঠিক।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: A. Were my mother

'Were my mother here' is the inverted second conditional (= If my mother were here), matching 'would know'.

'Were my mother here' মানে 'If my mother were here' — if বাদ দিয়ে were আগে আনা হয়েছে। Main clause-এ would know থাকায় second conditional ঠিক আছে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: C. Should you need

'Should you need' is a formal inverted condition meaning 'If you need', which fits a present/future request.

'Should you need' হলো 'If you need'-এর formal inversion। ভবিষ্যতে দরকার হলে যোগাযোগ করতে বলা হচ্ছে, তাই এটিই সঠিক।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: D. in case

'In case' means 'as a precaution because something might happen', which fits taking an umbrella before it might rain.

In case মানে 'যদি এমন হয় সেই সতর্কতা হিসেবে'। বৃষ্টি হতে পারে বলে ছাতা নেওয়া — তাই in case সঠিক।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: B. provided that

'Provided that' means 'only on the condition that', which matches the permission given here.

Provided that মানে 'শুধু এই শর্তে যে'। শুক্রবারের মধ্যে ফেরত দেওয়ার শর্তে ল্যাপটপ নেওয়া যাবে — তাই provided that।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: A. as long as

'As long as' introduces a necessary condition: the lending depends on the promise.

As long as মানে 'যতক্ষণ/যদি এই শর্ত পূরণ হয়'। টাকা ফেরতের প্রতিশ্রুতি দিলে তবেই ধার দেবে — তাই as long as।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: C. otherwise

'Otherwise' means 'if not', referring back to the previous instruction: if you do not study hard, you will fail.

Otherwise মানে 'তা না হলে'। আগের বাক্যের কাজটি না করলে কী হবে তা বোঝাতে otherwise বসে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: D. But for

'But for' + noun means 'if it had not been for', which fits the third-conditional result 'would have drowned'.

But for + noun মানে 'যদি ... না থাকত'। তোমার সাহায্য না থাকলে ডুবে যেতাম — তাই But for সঠিক; unless-এর পরে clause লাগে, noun নয়।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: A. Without

'Without' + noun can replace an if-clause (= If there were no electricity). Unless, provided and in case need a full clause.

Without + noun দিয়ে if-clause-এর কাজ করা যায় (= If there were no electricity)। বাকি তিনটির পরে পূর্ণ clause লাগে, শুধু noun বসে না।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: C. would have died

'Had it not been for' is an inverted third conditional (= If it had not been for), so the result is would have + past participle.

'Had it not been for' = 'If it had not been for' — এটি third conditional-এর inversion। তাই main clause-এ would have died বসবে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: B. If I had known, I would have helped you.

The third conditional needs had + past participle in the if-clause and would have + past participle in the main clause; 'would' never goes in the if-clause.

Third conditional-এ if-clause-এ had + V3 এবং main clause-এ would have + V3 বসে। If-clause-এ would বসে না, আর had-এর পরে V3 (known) লাগে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: A. If he came to the party, I would talk to him.

The second conditional pairs a past simple if-clause with would + base verb; the other options mix incompatible tenses.

Second conditional-এ if-clause-এ past simple আর main clause-এ would + V1 বসে। বাকিগুলোতে tense-এর মিল নেই।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: A. Unless you hurry, you will be late.

'Unless' already means 'if not', so it takes a positive present-tense verb; adding 'don't' creates a double negative.

Unless নিজেই না-বোধক ('যদি না'), তাই এর পরে আবার not/don't বসে না। First conditional বলে unless-এর পরে present tense (hurry) বসবে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: B. had been built

The third conditional needs past perfect in the if-clause, and since the bridge receives the action, the passive 'had been built' is required.

Would not have collapsed থাকায় third conditional — if-clause-এ past perfect লাগবে। সেতু নিজে তৈরি করে না, তাকে তৈরি করা হয়, তাই passive had been built।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: C. had studied

The condition refers to the past (when she was at school) while the result is present (now), so this mixed conditional takes the past perfect in the if-clause.

শর্তটি অতীতের (স্কুলে থাকার সময়), কিন্তু ফল বর্তমানের (now) — এটি mixed conditional। তাই if-clause-এ past perfect had studied বসবে।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: B. Should

'Should the train be late' is the inverted form of 'If the train should be late', used for a possible future event.

'Should the train be late' = 'If the train is/should be late'। Be-এর আগে শুধু should বসতে পারে, তাই এটিই সঠিক inversion।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: D. Were it not

'Were it not for' is the inverted second conditional (= If it were not for), matching 'could not afford' about the present.

'Were it not for' = 'If it were not for' — বর্তমানের কাল্পনিক শর্ত। Main clause-এ could not afford থাকায় second conditional-এর এই inversion সঠিক।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)

উত্তর: C. could have been saved

A past perfect if-clause requires a modal + have + past participle; lives are saved by someone, so the passive 'could have been saved' fits.

If-clause-এ had acted থাকায় third conditional — main clause-এ modal + have + V3 লাগবে। জীবন বাঁচানো হতো, তাই passive could have been saved।

উৎস: Practice (TOEFL-style)